Thursday 13 July 2017
Advert Analyses
The Cadburys Eyebrow dance advert become quite popular to the public for it's comedic fashion and timing.
While this advert is made to promote Cadburys chocolate products and while it shows no chocolate within the advert until the last few frames with the company name in shot it does a good job grabbing the targeted audience, in a similar light this advert is focused on the audience of younger people as they will be drawn in a enjoy how humorous the advert is.
I say the target audience is younger children as the actors within this advert are also younger children so if not providing laughter the children will see themselves within the advert and believe they can do something fun like that too, after seeing this and being shown the Cadburys logo it plants imagery that the Cadburys products could give the child some sort of skill or fun.
The Advert is short and sweet and has no continuation which is perfect for the target audiences reaction as it simulates imagination and brand promotion having the audience say things such like "Have you seen the eyebrow kids?" or "This advert is really funny" because of the nature of the actors and the music provided within.
The Adverts style much like previous Cadburys adverts is humorous and light-hearted but also somewhat strange to gather interest with the adverts subject matter. As in the past Cadburys launched an Advert with a gorilla playing the drums which in a similar fashion make people laugh and view Cadburys as a fun and entertaining product.
Within these two adverts they do not technically apply to the AIDA ruleset as they do attract the audience however no words are spoken or not product promoted just the regular brand name is placed behind a fun or humorous piece of content. However the audience is provided with text at the end saying "A glass half full of joy" which promote the light hearted and fun loving attitude within the product.
Overall the advert is put together quite well as it has a nice flow behind it, for example during this advert it starts with a rather boring environment while the photographer walks off to leave the child they take the opportunity to have some fun and dance with their eyebrows. throughout these scenes many well place jump-cuts and close-ups are placed throughout to give a great emphasis on the mood of the advert. The music used is very up-beat and quick keeping in line with the happy and fun tone the advert provides while keeping attention on the children who are eyebrow dancing. The lighting is well done as the scene has visible lighting due to the nature of the set being a photography shoot.
In conclusion this advert is one of the best adverts produced by Cadburys as it isn't in the viewers face with prices and numbers because the target audience being children wouldn't care about price only if they enjoy the product as a result the advert is made around the target audience rather than for as it has a fun, happy and funny setting.
Wednesday 12 July 2017
The type of Media Production
The media production we produced was a short comedy film for a young adult audience, we distribute it through media platform youtube and the film is titled 'Ways to die in a zombie apocaylse'. Other genres we could of produced would be action, adventure, drama, horror, sci-fi or even a western and rather than distribute or film on an online media pltform such as youtube we could of made physical copies at retail outlets, wholesales or door to door. Although these methods would likely be costly and most likely impossible on our time and budget.
Finance and Sources of funding
The sources of funding that exist for film inculde;
Finding a valid investor to provide a budget when pitching the film
getting government funding from a educational insitution
use a crowdfunding sustem such as gofundme or kickstarter
Self finance the project ourselves through personal funds
riskly use a defferal method of paying everyone after production
Our funding was provided by the college we are enrolled at so our method could be described as an investor although it differs greatly from pitching the film as everything was provided.
Requirements to film
We would have to purchase;
Equipment such as cameras, microphones, greenscreens e.t.c
Actors for roles in the film
Props and location rights
Editing software
computer for said software
For our production we had most of the equipment provided for us however we had to obtain makeup, location permissions and props.
List; Sandwich, make-up, torn clothes e.t.c
Personnel
Typically a low budget short will use the producers as actors or editors as they are short on funds and would have those skills while a television program will have hired low reputation actors and an approved script to make sure the content made isn't too long and offencive while being made to last a large amount of episodes/seasons. Hollywood films are different as they will have expencives completely covered to make sure everything is high quality and the actors highed are famous/professionals in addtion to having a professional script.
In our group each person was given mixed roles except for what they were good at, but of course we switched or watched other group members in order to fill in for when one member couldn't come in. For example Maya was an expert at make-up so she covered make-up but was also an actor, this was done in order to give everyone something to do and improve on our weak points. We only used our group members within the production of the movie and our group conisted of Me, Sam, Maya and Rachel.
Time
I beileve we didn't use the time we were given greatly however we finished the production effecently enough with the time we were given, usually when a professional media production does not meet their deadline it creates a lot of complications as on the deadline many people will need to be paid while the deadline needs to be extended. We made the deadline in class luckly and none of our actors had to be paid as well.
Equipment and Facilities
Equipment is usually bought from companies that sell said equipment for example buying recording equipment would be handed by buying from a provider of recording equipment, an example of a large scale filming equipment provider would be Decode. Decode is a site that allows you to hire equipment and even crew for production and their adress is DECODE,
Wimbledon Stadium Business Centre
Unit 39 Riverside Road
London
SW17 0BA
Prices are most suited for higher end productions though ranging from £500-800 just for lighting equipment.
The equipment provided for our production was from the college and was good quality cameras, microphones, SD cards, editing software e.t.c
Locations
We filmed in two locations; On college grounds and nearby in the local park, we picked these for the urban enviroment and setting due to the nature of our theme of zombie apocalyse, we go permission for filming from various members of staff and did not require park filming permission as it was a public place. We used risk assesment to gauge the risks in the areas of filming such as equipment breakage and even actor acidents we avoided these by being careful and planning out each scene beforehand.
Materials
If you required to film in a desert for a production but to cut on cost would stay in one country it would be possible to purchase/rent property then aquire some sand to give the illusion for being in the desert however this could be impactical and costly so what newer productions do is use advance editing such as mocap or greenscreens to simulate different enviroments. Depending on the material required for building sets or locations they can be extremely costly for example bricks may not cost a lot but marbel would cost tons.
Legal issues
When using certain things you have to be aware of copyright as many people will look out fo simularities that could be almost complete copies from other media if a simularity is found it could mean that you are liabel for a copyright claim or lawsuit so it is good practise to check your narrative, characters or even scenery.
Copyright is a legal right created by the law of a country that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights for its use and distribution. This is usually only for a limited time. The exclusive rights are not absolute but limited by limitations and exceptions to copyright law, including fair use. A major limitation on copyright is that copyright protects only the original expression of ideas, and not the underlying ideas themselves.
Copyright only effected what we place into the production of 'Ways to die in a zombie apocalyse' as we didn't wish to face legal action, other than that we made sure just to stick to the guidelines provided to create the short film.
Film clearance is the process of acquiring the required permission for all aspects of a film production. The necessary clearances can include sets, actors/extras, music, stock film, art, posters, products/brands, books, broadcasts, computer programs, dramatic works, photographs, etc. Film clearance is necessary to avoid liability, acquire E/O insurance, and avoid any general copyright/trademark issues for example we require clearance to use the title 'Ways to die in a zombie apocalyse' so it does not infrindge on another title of simular name.
Public Liability insurance is a way of financially protecting your film/production from any claims made against you by the public. It is not often that a member of the public will make a claim against your film/production, however a single claim can be severely damaging to your finances and reputation if you fail to purchase Public Liability insurance. so buy purchaing public liability insurance we can protect our film from any claims mde by the public that it is what it isn't.
A completion guarantee is a form of insurance offered by a completion guarantor company provided in return for a percentage fee based on the budget and is often used in independently financed films to guarantee that the producer will complete and deliver the film to the distributor thereby triggering the payment of minimum distribution guarantees to the producer. So this is a precaucion we can take to make sure if our timeframe is too short we still have funds to continue production.
Regulation
OFCOM are the group that regulates TV, radio, video-on-demand, fixed-line telecoms, mobiles and postal services in addition to airwaves.
OFCOM's Legal duties are to ensure that the UK has a wide range of electronic communication servers (high-speed services like broadband) provide a wide range of high-quality tv and radio programmes appealing to everyone as well as having Tv and Radio services provided by a range of different organisations. OFCOM also ensure that people are protected from harmful or offensive material on tv and radio, while protecting them from being treated unfairly in tv and radio making sure their privacy isn't invaded. viewers of video on demand services are protected from harmful content, provide a universal postal service to the UK 6 days a week, radio airwaves can be used by everyone.
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London. The BBC is established under a Royal Charterand operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. Its work is funded principally by an annual television licence fee which is charged to all British households, companies, and organisations using any type of equipment to receive or record live television broadcasts.
The difference between the two is that OFCOM is esscentually what keeps an eye on the BCC's programs and how the BCC functions.
From looking at a report made by the BBC news I can determine that placing media online can have grey areas that could allow for hate speech or even showing of things the OFCOM regulations deem inapproreate however comparing the regulations to our media project I've determined that our content is not offencive and legal that said the internets regulation is very loose as some media can portay groups in a bad light due to some racist or negative opinions and while most cases are dealt with there are some exceptions such as fourms or groups who are based on the internet such as westboro baptist church which freely encourages hatespeech with religious intent.
None of the current practises on the internet would effect our production as our content is safe and has no offencive aspects to it.
Trade Unions
A trade union is an organized association of workers in a trade, group of trades, or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests. these are formed to ensure the rights of the workers are kept and not unethical conduct has taken place while working for a business or project, obviously actors,cameramen and other workers for many media project belong to a union to ensure their workplace rights are kept which makes the unions essential.
Pact is an organisation that works to provide its members with the necessary resources, knowledge, and opportunities to succeed in the UK market and abroad. Joining Pact will give workers access to invaluable legal and business affairs advice, industry contracts, guidance through all stages of production, and put them amongst the majority of UK independent production companies already exploiting the benefits of Pact membership. The Producers Alliance for Cinema and Television helps producers understand the legal side of film making as well as providing producer rights
BECTU is a democratic organisation run by representatives elected amongst its membership. The Broadcasting Entertainment Cinematograph and Theatre Union represents staff, contract and freelance workers who are based primarily in the United Kingdom and work within Media across the country by negotiating pay, conditions and contracts with employers, giving personal advice and representation for individual members, advising and representating on health and safety, Providing benefits and services for BECTU members as well as training support and courses in addition to networking events and career development opportunities.
Trade Associations
A trade association is an group founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry. An industry trade association does public relations activities such as advertising, education, political donations and lobbying and publishing but its focus is collaboration between companies. These groups may offer additional services like producing conferences and networking or charitable events or offering classes or educational materials.
The media production we produced was a short comedy film for a young adult audience, we distribute it through media platform youtube and the film is titled 'Ways to die in a zombie apocaylse'. Other genres we could of produced would be action, adventure, drama, horror, sci-fi or even a western and rather than distribute or film on an online media pltform such as youtube we could of made physical copies at retail outlets, wholesales or door to door. Although these methods would likely be costly and most likely impossible on our time and budget.
Finance and Sources of funding
The sources of funding that exist for film inculde;
Finding a valid investor to provide a budget when pitching the film
getting government funding from a educational insitution
use a crowdfunding sustem such as gofundme or kickstarter
Self finance the project ourselves through personal funds
riskly use a defferal method of paying everyone after production
Our funding was provided by the college we are enrolled at so our method could be described as an investor although it differs greatly from pitching the film as everything was provided.
Requirements to film
We would have to purchase;
Equipment such as cameras, microphones, greenscreens e.t.c
Actors for roles in the film
Props and location rights
Editing software
computer for said software
For our production we had most of the equipment provided for us however we had to obtain makeup, location permissions and props.
List; Sandwich, make-up, torn clothes e.t.c
Personnel
Typically a low budget short will use the producers as actors or editors as they are short on funds and would have those skills while a television program will have hired low reputation actors and an approved script to make sure the content made isn't too long and offencive while being made to last a large amount of episodes/seasons. Hollywood films are different as they will have expencives completely covered to make sure everything is high quality and the actors highed are famous/professionals in addtion to having a professional script.
In our group each person was given mixed roles except for what they were good at, but of course we switched or watched other group members in order to fill in for when one member couldn't come in. For example Maya was an expert at make-up so she covered make-up but was also an actor, this was done in order to give everyone something to do and improve on our weak points. We only used our group members within the production of the movie and our group conisted of Me, Sam, Maya and Rachel.
Time
I beileve we didn't use the time we were given greatly however we finished the production effecently enough with the time we were given, usually when a professional media production does not meet their deadline it creates a lot of complications as on the deadline many people will need to be paid while the deadline needs to be extended. We made the deadline in class luckly and none of our actors had to be paid as well.
Equipment and Facilities
Equipment is usually bought from companies that sell said equipment for example buying recording equipment would be handed by buying from a provider of recording equipment, an example of a large scale filming equipment provider would be Decode. Decode is a site that allows you to hire equipment and even crew for production and their adress is DECODE,
Wimbledon Stadium Business Centre
Unit 39 Riverside Road
London
SW17 0BA
Prices are most suited for higher end productions though ranging from £500-800 just for lighting equipment.
The equipment provided for our production was from the college and was good quality cameras, microphones, SD cards, editing software e.t.c
Locations
We filmed in two locations; On college grounds and nearby in the local park, we picked these for the urban enviroment and setting due to the nature of our theme of zombie apocalyse, we go permission for filming from various members of staff and did not require park filming permission as it was a public place. We used risk assesment to gauge the risks in the areas of filming such as equipment breakage and even actor acidents we avoided these by being careful and planning out each scene beforehand.
Materials
If you required to film in a desert for a production but to cut on cost would stay in one country it would be possible to purchase/rent property then aquire some sand to give the illusion for being in the desert however this could be impactical and costly so what newer productions do is use advance editing such as mocap or greenscreens to simulate different enviroments. Depending on the material required for building sets or locations they can be extremely costly for example bricks may not cost a lot but marbel would cost tons.
Legal issues
When using certain things you have to be aware of copyright as many people will look out fo simularities that could be almost complete copies from other media if a simularity is found it could mean that you are liabel for a copyright claim or lawsuit so it is good practise to check your narrative, characters or even scenery.
Copyright is a legal right created by the law of a country that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights for its use and distribution. This is usually only for a limited time. The exclusive rights are not absolute but limited by limitations and exceptions to copyright law, including fair use. A major limitation on copyright is that copyright protects only the original expression of ideas, and not the underlying ideas themselves.
Copyright only effected what we place into the production of 'Ways to die in a zombie apocalyse' as we didn't wish to face legal action, other than that we made sure just to stick to the guidelines provided to create the short film.
Film clearance is the process of acquiring the required permission for all aspects of a film production. The necessary clearances can include sets, actors/extras, music, stock film, art, posters, products/brands, books, broadcasts, computer programs, dramatic works, photographs, etc. Film clearance is necessary to avoid liability, acquire E/O insurance, and avoid any general copyright/trademark issues for example we require clearance to use the title 'Ways to die in a zombie apocalyse' so it does not infrindge on another title of simular name.
Public Liability insurance is a way of financially protecting your film/production from any claims made against you by the public. It is not often that a member of the public will make a claim against your film/production, however a single claim can be severely damaging to your finances and reputation if you fail to purchase Public Liability insurance. so buy purchaing public liability insurance we can protect our film from any claims mde by the public that it is what it isn't.
A completion guarantee is a form of insurance offered by a completion guarantor company provided in return for a percentage fee based on the budget and is often used in independently financed films to guarantee that the producer will complete and deliver the film to the distributor thereby triggering the payment of minimum distribution guarantees to the producer. So this is a precaucion we can take to make sure if our timeframe is too short we still have funds to continue production.
Regulation
OFCOM are the group that regulates TV, radio, video-on-demand, fixed-line telecoms, mobiles and postal services in addition to airwaves.
OFCOM's Legal duties are to ensure that the UK has a wide range of electronic communication servers (high-speed services like broadband) provide a wide range of high-quality tv and radio programmes appealing to everyone as well as having Tv and Radio services provided by a range of different organisations. OFCOM also ensure that people are protected from harmful or offensive material on tv and radio, while protecting them from being treated unfairly in tv and radio making sure their privacy isn't invaded. viewers of video on demand services are protected from harmful content, provide a universal postal service to the UK 6 days a week, radio airwaves can be used by everyone.
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London. The BBC is established under a Royal Charterand operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. Its work is funded principally by an annual television licence fee which is charged to all British households, companies, and organisations using any type of equipment to receive or record live television broadcasts.
The difference between the two is that OFCOM is esscentually what keeps an eye on the BCC's programs and how the BCC functions.
From looking at a report made by the BBC news I can determine that placing media online can have grey areas that could allow for hate speech or even showing of things the OFCOM regulations deem inapproreate however comparing the regulations to our media project I've determined that our content is not offencive and legal that said the internets regulation is very loose as some media can portay groups in a bad light due to some racist or negative opinions and while most cases are dealt with there are some exceptions such as fourms or groups who are based on the internet such as westboro baptist church which freely encourages hatespeech with religious intent.
None of the current practises on the internet would effect our production as our content is safe and has no offencive aspects to it.
Trade Unions
A trade union is an organized association of workers in a trade, group of trades, or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests. these are formed to ensure the rights of the workers are kept and not unethical conduct has taken place while working for a business or project, obviously actors,cameramen and other workers for many media project belong to a union to ensure their workplace rights are kept which makes the unions essential.
Pact is an organisation that works to provide its members with the necessary resources, knowledge, and opportunities to succeed in the UK market and abroad. Joining Pact will give workers access to invaluable legal and business affairs advice, industry contracts, guidance through all stages of production, and put them amongst the majority of UK independent production companies already exploiting the benefits of Pact membership. The Producers Alliance for Cinema and Television helps producers understand the legal side of film making as well as providing producer rights
BECTU is a democratic organisation run by representatives elected amongst its membership. The Broadcasting Entertainment Cinematograph and Theatre Union represents staff, contract and freelance workers who are based primarily in the United Kingdom and work within Media across the country by negotiating pay, conditions and contracts with employers, giving personal advice and representation for individual members, advising and representating on health and safety, Providing benefits and services for BECTU members as well as training support and courses in addition to networking events and career development opportunities.
Trade Associations
A trade association is an group founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry. An industry trade association does public relations activities such as advertising, education, political donations and lobbying and publishing but its focus is collaboration between companies. These groups may offer additional services like producing conferences and networking or charitable events or offering classes or educational materials.
Research links
These are some of the links we used for some facts and figures about Technology.
http://time.com/4187146/davos-2016-technology-facts/
https://www.thefactsite.com/2013/02/top-100-technology-facts.html
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/tech-life/12-weird-but-true-facts-about-technology/slideshow/51419407.cms
http://www.techandfacts.com/
http://www.techaddiction.ca/internet_addiction_statistics.html
http://time.com/4187146/davos-2016-technology-facts/
https://www.thefactsite.com/2013/02/top-100-technology-facts.html
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/tech-life/12-weird-but-true-facts-about-technology/slideshow/51419407.cms
http://www.techandfacts.com/
http://www.techaddiction.ca/internet_addiction_statistics.html
primary research : surveys
An Introduction to the News
The News as many people know it is the outlet in which we all gain more information about the world and our own country, however the news we receive is based on wow we watch and what we search for.
What I watched;
BBC News
World News
ABC news
CBS news
Topics;
EU Aftermath
Johnson: EU's exit bill demand 'extortionate'
Contaminated Blood inquiry
Work Practise Review
16 dead in military plane crash in Mississippi
Cracking down on 'snortable chocolate'
Police reveal death of U.S man in Greece
Pipe bomb explodes at Air force centre
Presenters
Presenters are required to present local or global news through in a non-bias neutral view so that the news itself remains unbiased and fair. In addition their opinion can effect the viewer base and even the network they represent, through the news anyone can learn facts and recent updates so they need to take care with what they say and how they say it in order not to offend or confuse the viewers. While some news would allow for some emotion such as a story about a murder caught other subjects such as a conflict or dispute between two sides would need to be focused on the overall story rather than the bad or good sides of each group (With exceptions of radicalisation).
News ordering
This refers to the order in which the news is presented for example; once all of the news for the month or day is received/collected they are required to put together an acceptable order most likely extreme to less extreme or calm to heated events. This is called running order. Ideally news about major cities or war and terrorism are shown first to generate a pull to the story line up. This is due to the content being associated with negative emotions such as sadness or anger which in turn simulate the viewer to continue watching. For the in-between the middle section of stories is most likely going to be about recent changes in politics and even some in education, afterwards a calming story would be presented as the previous topics were engaging but extremes such topics would include stories about children achieving a goal, animals doing something funny or even an upcoming event.
However sometimes it may be a slow news day in which nothing majorly important has happened or there are no updates on the larger stories such as war or laws, in this situation it is common for the news order to be given filler stories which are just stand-ins until something major happens these stories are usually about small changes in politics or even events in small towns which would have no large effect on the viewers lives. Lastly the Ace-in-the-hole is the final segment within the news ordering, this piece is kept till last as it is most likely giving a nice ending to a saddening and depressing Newsday.
News Values
Guideline used by many news outlets are news values, which are used for newspapers/broadcasted media to categorise how much attention should be given to specific stories. News values are essential to understanding how news production works from the choices made by editors and other decisions which determine what is news and what is not news. According to Harold Evans who previously work as a Times and Sunday Times editor A news story is about necessary information and unusual events and should be based on observable facts while remaining an unbiased account also being free from the reporter's opinion.
An example of this I can think of would be reports on infamous individuals such as Donald Trump or even Theresa may for in American news reporting some stations come under fire for popular but hate message reports on the current president of the USA in addition while lesser hate is spread for Theresa may many interviewees or even reports will express themselves verbally or non-verbally in a manner which would breach Harold Evans guidelines.
Bias in News
The world of news today is quite shifted as some stories such as mentions above will be deemed an attack or even 'fake news' which leads to select stories such as dirt or negative information on powerful hated figures to be deemed extremely newsworthy due to the hate generating more revenue.
Selected Bias
Many stories will be picked to be shown to the public as it has a sort of gossip factor. The public will react sourly or even violently depending on the revealed situation, as always there are two sides to each story yet unfortunately some news outlets will only show one half unless the other half of the story is found by another source as it generate the gossip factor bringing in more views and leaning the audience to a hateful state of mind for example a story could be about an abusive parent focused on how the parent has done horrible things yet there is obviously a cause for things such as stress or special conditions yet these are overlooked for shock value.
Placement Bias
This type of Bias is exclusively for the news outlet to decide as they can choose weather or not the story is important enough to be shown when and where. This amount of influence should not be taken lightly as although changing the time the story is told may not seem like a huge impact but the can use the story order to ram up emotions for the story for example if you were to watch a negative piece and after a difficult to decide situation piece comes up your choice won't be logically thought out you'll be in a negative mind-set and possibly make a snap decision on what you believe is right or wrong.
Imagery Bias
Showing a story with negative captions or camera angles such as mugshots or close-ups give you a look into who or what is being shown. For example if a man was arrested for crashing his car and it was a slow news day the news outlet could potentially make his public opinion worse, this could be done by showing him at a unattractive angle or showing text such as negative quotes from people who know him or even local opinion gently pushing a negative image to the man.
Title Bias
Title Bias is one of the most used bias around as any event could give anyone a title many times people who risk their lives to help others are given a nice title like hero or brave but many cases the news can give people negative titles that stick with them for the rest of their lives for example news outlets who do reports on crime have often talked about hoodies or thugs, Hoodies not only lows the people down to a specific piece of clothing that identifies them as a criminal or someone bad but also shows hoodies in a negative light. When calling someone a name or giving them a title the news isn't just giving them a fancy show they give them that title for life because people remember the news.
Personal Opinion Bias
While rarely seen in the news today and occasionally on CNN the reporters can give their own personal opinion on many things such as small sorties with thieves or even larger stories to do with politic figures. This while rare is the most damaging type of bias as the news network gives a voice to it's bias, the reporter is given a get away because they are part of the news station which creates a bigger problem because then most stories become opinionated and controlled to increase public backlash and even target a specific viewer group.
Conclusion of the News
Overall I believe the news has come a long way and still has a longer road ahead because after all the information we've gathered people still wish to implement their own opinion into the public because everyone has their own thoughts and desires for the world, I'm calling the media or the news out for using false information deliberately however controlled news is a problem in recent years as it promotes a single way of thinking. Ideally I would prefer if news remained frees and we be given both sides of the story not just for large stories like terrorism or immigration but even small ones just to shed some light on what the real world is actually like.
What I watched;
BBC News
World News
ABC news
CBS news
Topics;
EU Aftermath
Johnson: EU's exit bill demand 'extortionate'
Contaminated Blood inquiry
Work Practise Review
16 dead in military plane crash in Mississippi
Cracking down on 'snortable chocolate'
Police reveal death of U.S man in Greece
Pipe bomb explodes at Air force centre
Presenters
Presenters are required to present local or global news through in a non-bias neutral view so that the news itself remains unbiased and fair. In addition their opinion can effect the viewer base and even the network they represent, through the news anyone can learn facts and recent updates so they need to take care with what they say and how they say it in order not to offend or confuse the viewers. While some news would allow for some emotion such as a story about a murder caught other subjects such as a conflict or dispute between two sides would need to be focused on the overall story rather than the bad or good sides of each group (With exceptions of radicalisation).
News ordering
This refers to the order in which the news is presented for example; once all of the news for the month or day is received/collected they are required to put together an acceptable order most likely extreme to less extreme or calm to heated events. This is called running order. Ideally news about major cities or war and terrorism are shown first to generate a pull to the story line up. This is due to the content being associated with negative emotions such as sadness or anger which in turn simulate the viewer to continue watching. For the in-between the middle section of stories is most likely going to be about recent changes in politics and even some in education, afterwards a calming story would be presented as the previous topics were engaging but extremes such topics would include stories about children achieving a goal, animals doing something funny or even an upcoming event.
However sometimes it may be a slow news day in which nothing majorly important has happened or there are no updates on the larger stories such as war or laws, in this situation it is common for the news order to be given filler stories which are just stand-ins until something major happens these stories are usually about small changes in politics or even events in small towns which would have no large effect on the viewers lives. Lastly the Ace-in-the-hole is the final segment within the news ordering, this piece is kept till last as it is most likely giving a nice ending to a saddening and depressing Newsday.
News Values
Guideline used by many news outlets are news values, which are used for newspapers/broadcasted media to categorise how much attention should be given to specific stories. News values are essential to understanding how news production works from the choices made by editors and other decisions which determine what is news and what is not news. According to Harold Evans who previously work as a Times and Sunday Times editor A news story is about necessary information and unusual events and should be based on observable facts while remaining an unbiased account also being free from the reporter's opinion.
An example of this I can think of would be reports on infamous individuals such as Donald Trump or even Theresa may for in American news reporting some stations come under fire for popular but hate message reports on the current president of the USA in addition while lesser hate is spread for Theresa may many interviewees or even reports will express themselves verbally or non-verbally in a manner which would breach Harold Evans guidelines.
Bias in News
The world of news today is quite shifted as some stories such as mentions above will be deemed an attack or even 'fake news' which leads to select stories such as dirt or negative information on powerful hated figures to be deemed extremely newsworthy due to the hate generating more revenue.
Selected Bias
Many stories will be picked to be shown to the public as it has a sort of gossip factor. The public will react sourly or even violently depending on the revealed situation, as always there are two sides to each story yet unfortunately some news outlets will only show one half unless the other half of the story is found by another source as it generate the gossip factor bringing in more views and leaning the audience to a hateful state of mind for example a story could be about an abusive parent focused on how the parent has done horrible things yet there is obviously a cause for things such as stress or special conditions yet these are overlooked for shock value.
Placement Bias
This type of Bias is exclusively for the news outlet to decide as they can choose weather or not the story is important enough to be shown when and where. This amount of influence should not be taken lightly as although changing the time the story is told may not seem like a huge impact but the can use the story order to ram up emotions for the story for example if you were to watch a negative piece and after a difficult to decide situation piece comes up your choice won't be logically thought out you'll be in a negative mind-set and possibly make a snap decision on what you believe is right or wrong.
Imagery Bias
Showing a story with negative captions or camera angles such as mugshots or close-ups give you a look into who or what is being shown. For example if a man was arrested for crashing his car and it was a slow news day the news outlet could potentially make his public opinion worse, this could be done by showing him at a unattractive angle or showing text such as negative quotes from people who know him or even local opinion gently pushing a negative image to the man.
Title Bias
Title Bias is one of the most used bias around as any event could give anyone a title many times people who risk their lives to help others are given a nice title like hero or brave but many cases the news can give people negative titles that stick with them for the rest of their lives for example news outlets who do reports on crime have often talked about hoodies or thugs, Hoodies not only lows the people down to a specific piece of clothing that identifies them as a criminal or someone bad but also shows hoodies in a negative light. When calling someone a name or giving them a title the news isn't just giving them a fancy show they give them that title for life because people remember the news.
Personal Opinion Bias
While rarely seen in the news today and occasionally on CNN the reporters can give their own personal opinion on many things such as small sorties with thieves or even larger stories to do with politic figures. This while rare is the most damaging type of bias as the news network gives a voice to it's bias, the reporter is given a get away because they are part of the news station which creates a bigger problem because then most stories become opinionated and controlled to increase public backlash and even target a specific viewer group.
Conclusion of the News
Overall I believe the news has come a long way and still has a longer road ahead because after all the information we've gathered people still wish to implement their own opinion into the public because everyone has their own thoughts and desires for the world, I'm calling the media or the news out for using false information deliberately however controlled news is a problem in recent years as it promotes a single way of thinking. Ideally I would prefer if news remained frees and we be given both sides of the story not just for large stories like terrorism or immigration but even small ones just to shed some light on what the real world is actually like.
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